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BAPTA-AM (1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester) is a membrane-permeable calcium chelator. It is widely used in biological and biochemical research to regulate intracellular calcium concentrations . Here's a breakdown of its properties and uses:
Membrane Permeability: The "AM" (acetoxymethyl ester) group allows BAPTA-AM to cross cell membranes. Once inside the cell, cellular esterases cleave the AM groups, activating BAPTA and enabling it to chelate intracellular calcium.
High Selectivity for Calcium: BAPTA has a high affinity for , allowing it to act as a buffer and reduce intracellular calcium spikes.
Fast Kinetics: BAPTA binds and releases calcium more quickly than some other chelators, making it effective for modulating rapid calcium dynamics.
Calcium Signaling Studies:
Used to study the role of in processes such as neurotransmitter release, muscle contraction, and cell signaling.
Helps dissect pathways dependent on by reducing its availability.
Neurobiology:
Investigates calcium's role in synaptic transmission and plasticity.
Protects neurons from calcium-induced excitotoxicity in research models.
Cell Biology:
Examines calcium's role in apoptosis, cell migration, and other cellular processes.
Drug Development:
Used to understand calcium-related diseases and test interventions targeting calcium signaling.
Non-Specific Effects: Overuse can disrupt other intracellular processes and lead to toxicity.
Esterase Dependence: The efficiency of activation depends on intracellular esterase activity, which may vary among cell types.
Limited Longevity: Its chelating effects are transient, as BAPTA may be degraded or exported from the cell.
Researchers often use BAPTA-AM in combination with other tools, such as calcium imaging dyes, to monitor and manipulate calcium levels precisely.
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